Java图文详解之实现图书管理系统
2022-11-27 21:09:48
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本篇文章给大家带来了关于java的相关知识,其中主要介绍了关于怎么实现图书管理系统的相关问题,包括了查找图书、添加图书、删除图书、借阅图书等等内容,下面一起来看一下,希望对大家有帮助。

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一. 功能介绍

1.1 使用介绍

1.输入姓名

2.选择身份

3.根据身份打印不同功能菜单

1.2 基本框架


二、具体思路

book(包)

operation(功能包)

user(使用者包)


三、代码实现

book(包)

Book(书类)

package book;/** * User: gu'jiu * Date: 2022-05-18 * Time: 14:45 * Description:书 */public class Book {private String name;//书名private String author;//作者private double price;//价格private String type;//类型private boolean state;//书的状态(已借出or未借出)//对书进行初始化,书的状态不用进行初始化(默认未借出)public Book(String name, String author, double price, String type) {this.name = name;this.author = author;this.price = price;this.type = type;this.state = state;}public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public String getAuthor() {return author;}public void setAuthor(String author) {this.author = author;}public double getPrice() {return price;}public void setPrice(double price) {this.price = price;}public String getType() {return type;}public void setType(String type) {this.type = type;}public boolean isState() {return state;}public void setState(boolean state) {this.state = state;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "[" +"name='" + name + '\'' +", author='" + author + '\'' +", price=" + price +", type='" + type + '\'' +", " + (state == true ? "已借出" : "未借出") +']';}}
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BookList(书架类)

package book;/** * User: gu'jiu * Date: 2022-05-18 * Time: 14:52 * Description:书架 */public class BookList {private Book[] books = new Book[10];private int usedSize;public BookList() {books[0] = new Book("三国演义","罗贯中",19.9,"小说");books[1] = new Book("西游记","吴承恩",29.9,"小说");books[2] = new Book("红楼梦","曹雪芹",26.9,"小说");usedSize = 3;}public Book getBooks(int pos) {//输入下标获取该下标的这本书return books[pos];}public void setBooks(int pos, Book book) {//输入下标和一本书,在该下标放入一本书this.books[pos] = book;}public int getUsedSize() {return usedSize;}public void setUsedSize(int usedSize) {this.usedSize = usedSize;}}
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operation(功能包)

IOperation(功能接口)

package operation;import book.BookList;/** * User: gu'jiu * Date: 2022-05-18 * Time: 15:07 * Description:接口 */public interface IOperation {void work(BookList bookList);}
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FindOperation(查找图书)

package operation;import book.Book;import book.BookList;import java.util.Scanner;/** * User: gu'jiu * Date: 2022-05-18 * Time: 15:09 * Description:查找书籍信息 */public class FindOperation implements IOperation{@Overridepublic void work(BookList bookList) {System.out.println();System.out.println("查找图书");System.out.println("------------------------");Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);System.out.print("请输入书的名称:");String name = scanner.nextLine();//获取书架中图书数量int size = bookList.getUsedSize();//根据名字查找for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {Book book = bookList.getBooks(i);if (book.getName().equals(name)) {System.out.println(book);return;}}System.out.println("未找到该书。");}}
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AddOperation(添加图书)

package operation;import book.Book;import book.BookList;import java.util.Scanner;/** * User: gu'jiu * Date: 2022-05-18 * Time: 15:04 * Description:新增书籍 */public class AddOperation implements IOperation{@Overridepublic void work(BookList bookList) {System.out.println();System.out.println("添加图书");System.out.println("------------------------");Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);System.out.print("请输入书名:");String name = scanner.nextLine();System.out.print("请输入作者:");String author = scanner.nextLine();System.out.print("请输入书的类型:");String type = scanner.nextLine();System.out.print("请输入价格:");double price = scanner.nextDouble();Book book = new Book(name, author, price, type);bookList.setBooks(bookList.getUsedSize(), book);//将书放入书架bookList.setUsedSize(bookList.getUsedSize()+1);//书籍数量+1}}
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DelOperation(删除图书)

package operation;import book.Book;import book.BookList;import java.util.Scanner;/** * User: gu'jiu * Date: 2022-05-18 * Time: 15:05 * Description:删除书籍 */public class DelOperation implements IOperation{@Overridepublic void work(BookList bookList) {System.out.println();System.out.println("删除图书");System.out.println("------------------------");Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);System.out.print("请输入要删除的书名:");String name = scanner.nextLine();//获取书架中现在有几本书int size = bookList.getUsedSize();int i = 0;//根据书名找到这个本书的下标for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {Book book = bookList.getBooks(i);if (book.getName().equals(name)) {break;}}if (i == size) {System.out.println("删除失败,未找到该书。");return;}//通过前移将书删除for (i = 0; i < size - 1; i++) {bookList.setBooks(i,bookList.getBooks(i + 1));}bookList.setUsedSize(bookList.getUsedSize()-1);//书架中图书数量-1System.out.println("删除成功。");}}
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BorrowOperation(借阅图书)

package operation;import book.Book;import book.BookList;import java.util.Scanner;/** * User: gu'jiu * Date: 2022-05-18 * Time: 15:05 * Description:借阅书籍 */public class BorrowOperation implements IOperation{@Overridepublic void work(BookList bookList) {System.out.println();System.out.println("借阅图书");System.out.println("------------------------");Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);System.out.print("请输入要借书的名称:");String name = scanner.nextLine();//获取书架中现在有几本书int size = bookList.getUsedSize();for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {Book book = bookList.getBooks(i);//判断在书架中是否有这本书if (book.getName().equals(name)) {//判断书是否被借走if (!book.isState()) {System.out.println("借阅成功!");book.setState(true);//将书的状态改为已借出return;} else {System.out.println("借阅失败,该书已被别人借走。");return;}}}System.out.println("借阅失败,未找到该书。");}}
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ReturnOperation(归还图书)

package operation;import book.Book;import book.BookList;import java.util.Scanner;/** * User: gu'jiu * Date: 2022-05-18 * Time: 15:10 * Description:归还书籍 */public class ReturnOperation implements IOperation{@Overridepublic void work(BookList bookList) {System.out.println();System.out.println("归还图书");System.out.println("------------------------");Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);System.out.print("请输入要还书的名称:");String name = scanner.nextLine();//获取书架中现在有几本书int size = bookList.getUsedSize();for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {Book book = bookList.getBooks(i);//判断在书架中是否有这本书if (book.getName().equals(name)) {//判断书是否已被借走if (book.isState()) {System.out.println("归还成功!");book.setState(false);//将书的状态改为未借出return;} else {System.out.println("归还失败,该书已还未被借走。");return;}}}System.out.println("归还失败,未找到该书。");}}
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DisplayOperation(打印图书信息)

package operation;import book.Book;import book.BookList;/** * User: gu'jiu * Date: 2022-05-18 * Time: 15:06 * Description:打印全部书籍信息 */public class DisplayOperation implements IOperation{@Overridepublic void work(BookList bookList) {System.out.println();System.out.println("显示全部图书");System.out.println("------------------------");int size = bookList.getUsedSize();for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {Book book = bookList.getBooks(i);System.out.println(book);}}}
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ExitOperation(退出系统)

import book.BookList;/** * User: gu'jiu * Date: 2022-05-18 * Time: 15:08 * Description:退出系统 */public class ExitOperation implements IOperation{@Overridepublic void work(BookList bookList) {System.out.println();System.out.println("退出系统。");System.out.println("------------------------");System.exit(0);}}
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user(使用者包)

User(使用者抽象类)

package user;import book.BookList;import operation.IOperation;/** * User: gu'jiu * Date: 2022-05-18 * Time: 15:11 * Description:使用者 */abstract public class User {protected String userName;//使用者姓名protected IOperation[] iOperations;//功能数组public User(String userName) {this.userName = userName;}public abstract int menu();//输入选择,调用不同的功能public void doOperation(int choice, BookList bookList) {this.iOperations[choice].work(bookList);//动态绑定}}
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AdminUser(管理员)

package user;import operation.*;import java.util.Scanner;/** * User: gu'jiu * Date: 2022-05-18 * Time: 15:13 * Description:管理员 */public class AdminUser extends User{public AdminUser(String userName) {super(userName);//管理员功能this.iOperations = new IOperation[] {new ExitOperation(),new FindOperation(),new AddOperation(),new DelOperation(),new DisplayOperation()};}@Overridepublic int menu() {System.out.println();System.out.println("hello " + this.userName + " 欢迎来到图书馆");while(true) {System.out.println("------------------------");System.out.println("1.查找图书");System.out.println("2.新增图书");System.out.println("3.删除图书");System.out.println("4.显示全部图书");System.out.println("0.退出系统");System.out.println("------------------------");System.out.print("请输入你的操作:");Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);int choice = scanner.nextInt();//保证输入数字有效if (choice > 4 || choice < 0) {System.out.println("输入有误请重新输入。");} else {return choice;}}}}
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NormalUser(普通用户)

package user;import operation.*;import java.util.Scanner;/** * User: gu'jiu * Date: 2022-05-18 * Time: 15:13 * Description:学生 */public class NormalUser extends User{public NormalUser (String userName) {super(userName);//用户功能this.iOperations = new IOperation[] {new ExitOperation(),new FindOperation(),new BorrowOperation(),new ReturnOperation(),};}@Overridepublic int menu() {System.out.println();System.out.println("hello "+this.userName+" 欢迎来到图书馆");while(true) {System.out.println("------------------------");System.out.println("1.查找图书");System.out.println("2.借阅图书");System.out.println("3.归还图书");System.out.println("0.退出系统");System.out.println("------------------------");System.out.print("请输入你的操作:");Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);int choice = scanner.nextInt();//保证输入数字有效if (choice > 3 || choice < 0) {System.out.println("输入有误请重新输入。");} else {return choice;}}}}
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Test类

import book.BookList;import user.AdminUser;import user.NormalUser;import user.User;import java.util.Scanner;/** * User: gu'jiu * Date: 2022-05-18 * Time: 15:20 * Description:图书管理系统 */public class Test {public static User login() {System.out.println("欢迎使用图书管理系统");Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);System.out.print("请输入您的姓名:");String name = scanner.nextLine();while(true){System.out.println("-----------------------------");System.out.println("请选择您的身份:1>管理员 2>普通用户");System.out.print("请输入:");int choice = scanner.nextInt();//保证输入数字有效if (choice == 1) {return new AdminUser(name);} else if (choice == 2) {return new NormalUser(name);} else {System.out.println("输入有误,请重新输入。");}}}public static void main(String[] args) {BookList bookList = new BookList();User user = login();//向上转型while(true){int choice = user.menu();user.doOperation(choice, bookList);}}}
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四、部分代码(doOperation)解释

主函数中的user.doOperation(choice, bookList);中的doOperation方法比较难理解,我们来解释一下

1.user.引用的可能是两个对象

2.在实例化这对象的时候,在构造方法中,我们已经将iOperations[]准备好了。

3.根据输入下标(例如:2)访问相应对象,再调用work方法。

推荐学习:《java视频教程

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